Governments you may have never heard of (or properly distinguished)

Diarchy (or dyarchy) is a form of government in which two diarchs are the heads of state.

An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Muslim Monarch styled emir.

Plutocracy (plutarchy) is rule by the wealthy, or power provided by wealth.

A stratocracy is a form of government headed by military chiefs. It is not the same as a military dictatorship where the military's political power is not enforced or even supported by other laws. In a stratocracy the state and the military are traditionally the same thing and government positions are always occupied by military leaders.

A timocracy is either:

1. a state where only property owners may participate in government
2. a government where rulers are selected and perpetuated based on the degree of honour they hold relative to others in their society, peer group or class

Ochlocracy is government by mob or a mass of people, or the intimidation of constitutional authorities.

An isocracy is a form of government where all citizens have equal political power.

Minarchism refers to a political ideology which maintains that the state's only legitimate function is the protection of individuals from aggression.

An Oligarchy is a form of government in which power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by royal, wealth, intellectual, family, military or religious hegemony.

via the inscrutable wikipedia.